With children, however, 2015 American Heart Association guidelines indicate that doing only compressions may actually result in worse outcomes, because such problems in children normally arise from respiratory issues rather than from cardiac ones, given their young age. Current recommendations place emphasis on early and high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions is recommended for untrained rescuers. The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose ( mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) or using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs ( mechanical ventilation). ĬPR involves chest compressions for adults between 5 cm (2.0 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute. It is recommended in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR) is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.